Rhynchosporium leaf scald disease incidence: seed source and spatial pattern

A programme of field trials for the study of the winter barley–Rhynchosporium commune pathosystem is reported. The associated seedborne disease rhynchosporium leaf scald is regarded as having an important impact on barley yields. The analysis in this study relates to the impact of the seed source (commercial or farm-saved seed) on disease incidence and to the spatial pattern of rhynchosporium leaf scald disease incidence. Disease incidence data were calculated from field data recorded as disease severity. Mean disease incidence was higher in the crops grown from farm-saved seed than in those grown from commercial seed, although great agronomic significance cannot be attached to this result. The spatial pattern of rhynchosporium leaf scald disease incidence was characterized in terms of the binary power law (BPL) and was indicative of an aggregated pattern. Programme-wide BPL results were described using a novel phytopathological application of a random coefficients model. These results have application in field sampling for rhynchosporium leaf scald disease.     

促进粮食作物适度规模化生产的关键问题及解决方法

本文将从土地流转、种粮主体以及种粮方式等角度出发，指出当今促进粮食作物适度规模化 生产的关键问题，进而提出针对性的有效解决方法，以期为有关人员提供可靠参考。     

Potential application of baited remote underwater video to survey abundance of west coast rock lobster Jasus lalandii

The first assessment of the baited remote underwater video system (BRUVs) for monitoring rock lobster Jasus lalandii (Milne‐Edwards) in South Africa was compared to annual ring net and trap survey data. Count data from 58 BRUVs, 36 ring net and 95 trap samples were fitted with generalised additive models using depth, habitat, time and spatial gradient as independent variables. A power analysis was used to determine the number of samples needed per annum to detect a 5 and 10% increase and decrease in population size. The BRUVs outperformed the nets and traps in terms of sampling effort and were better at detecting changes in abundance of lobster than abundance of three fish species. Considering factors such as cost, analysis time, additional data and environmental impact, traps are the most feasible method in deeper waters but BRUVs could replace nets and traps in depths less than 60 m, low‐density areas and marine reserves.     

江苏1204拖拉机液压输出功率不足问题的解决

江苏1204拖拉机液压输出功率,在试验时,出现输出功率不足的问题。对实验数据分析,影响液压功率的两个因素流量和压力,从元件品质来看,可能是齿轮泵的容积效率以及系统低压区漏气的问题,从设计角度分析,则可能是吸油管及其管路元件结构参数的选择问题。如何确定系统元件的参数即吸油管等元件的参数,按规范设计是基本的要求;之后,才是根据实际情况,再优化设计和超越规范设计。对试验中出现的问题,查找应遵守逻辑原则,涉及到实物分解时,则是先易后难,最终找到问题的原因予以解决。     

PDCA循环理论在阅读推广中的应用——以安徽省图书馆为例

结合PDCA循环特性和图书馆阅读推广特点,分析PDCA循环理论应用于图书馆阅读推广活动的必要性和可行性,构建了PDCA循环理论在图书馆阅读推广工作中的应用模式,提出以用户为关注焦点、注重过程管理和持续改进以提高阅读推广活动实效。     

封闭流水式网箱养殖混合供电系统设计

封闭流水式网箱养殖优点是零排放无污染,符合环保养殖要求,缺点是水质容易恶化,水交换与排污能耗大。为了降低能耗并确保设备正常运行,研发太阳能-市电-柴油发电机混合供电系统。基于蓄电池充放电特性,采用最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)和数字信号处理(DSP)技术实现太阳能智能充放电控制与保护,应用双电源自动转换开关技术实现有序混合供电。太阳能月均发电量250 k W·h,日均供电8.3 k W·h,满足负载日均耗电6.6~8.8 k W·h要求。结果表明,在阳光充足情况下,以太阳能供电为主;当出现连续阴雨天气情况下,供电顺序为蓄电池(充满状态可放电3~4 h)、市电、柴油发电机。随着太阳能系统性价比的提高,节能效果将更加明显。     

Exploring connectivity between spawning and nursery areas of Mullus barbatus (L., 1758) in the Mediterranean through a dispersal model

Connectivity between spawning and nursery areas plays a major role in determining the spatial structure of fish populations and the boundaries of stock units. Here, the potential effects of surface current on a red mullet population in the Central Mediterranean were simulated using a physical oceanographic model. Red mullet larvae were represented as Lagrangian drifters released in known spawning areas of the Strait of Sicily (SoS), which represents one of the most productive demersal fishing‐grounds of the Mediterranean. To consider the effect of inter‐annual variability of oceanographic patterns, numerical simulations were performed for the spawning seasons from 1999 to 2012. The main goal was to explore connectivity between population subunits, in terms of spawning and nursery areas, inhabiting the northern (Sicilian‐Maltese) and southern (African) continental shelves of the SoS. The numerical simulations revealed a certain degree of connectivity between the Sicilian–Maltese and the African sides of the SoS. Connectivity is present in both directions, but it is stronger from the Sicilian–Maltese spawning areas to the African nurseries owing to the marine circulation features of the region. However, because the majority of the larvae are transported to areas unsuitable for settlement or outside the SoS, the dispersal process is characterized by a strong loss of potential settlers born in the spawning areas. These results are in agreement with the low genetic heterogeneity reported for this species in the Mediterranean Sea and support the existence of a metapopulation structure of red mullet in the SoS and the adjacent areas.     

燃煤电厂脱硫塔浆液起泡微观表征分析研究

利用彬长电厂和当涂电厂脱硫塔浆液起泡泡沫,通过X射线衍射法、傅里叶扫描电子显微镜法以及变换红外光谱法分析了吸收塔浆液泡沫样品的微观表征。结果表明:起泡和未起泡浆液在晶体形态、官能团上等具有相似的微观特征。但在形态结构上存在较大差异,起泡浆液的结构稳定性较差,存在使结构分裂的层间作用力。浆液结构变成杂乱无序的层状,其结晶水的含量也大幅度增加。     

基于动态规划的电动拖拉机动力电源能量控制策略研究

针对纯电动拖拉机能量利用率低、续航里程不足的问题，提出了基于超级电容和蓄电池复合的纯电动拖拉机动力电源系统。通过分析纯电动拖拉机的作业工况特点以及功率需求，对动力电源系统进行了拓扑结构选型和参数匹配，并以动力电源能耗最低为优化目标，应用动态规划对纯电动拖拉机的动力电源系统进行能量控制策略优化，对动态规划结果以及工况特点进行分析，总结出基于规则的动力电源能量控制策略，利用Matlab/Simulink建模对控制策略进行仿真。结果表明基于动态规划的控制策略能量消耗比基于规则的控制策略能量消耗减少了18%，证明了基于动态规划的能量控制策略在节能降耗方面的有效性。     

实证分析商贸流通对沿海农业经济增长的影响

以商贸流通对于沿海农业经济增长的问题为研究对象,实证研究结果表明,商贸流通对于农业经济总产值和农业人均可支配收入均具有促进作用.总体而言,商贸流通行业总产值对农业人均可支配收入影响的强度较对农业经济总产值的影响更显著,从而从实证研究角度证明商贸流通有利于沿海经济的增长.提出了应创新商贸流通农业经济运作模式,优化商贸流通农业经济发展环境,加强商贸流通农业经济人才培养,推动商贸流通农业冷链物流发展,构建商贸流通农业经济产业联盟等促进农业经济发展的对策.